A Perceptual Study Of Girls - 825 Words

A Perceptual Study of Girls Purpose of the Study Education has a significant value for all students, boys and girls are valued as equal. This study is an insight on how girl’s education, economical status, and cultural are valued differently in South Kashmir, India. Girls are faced with several challenges and their education is inadequate, due to attendance rate, teacher shortage, and improper curriculum. The young ladies are faced with additional hardships at home; poor living condition and no monies. The enrollment population of girls are lower than boys. Education is supposed to be exposed to all students, but in some cases, it is not. (Ahmad Gul Khan, 2015) Education has a deeper meaning for girls in different countries, because girls have to work extra hard for their education. They are confronted daily with gender issues, and girls become disadvantaged when the gender gets mix with other shortcoming like poverty, scheduled tribes, minorities, or disability. How people perceived education in these countries will impac t the young ladies future. Girl’s education in India, especially in rural areas is one of the main concerns for all educators involved. Ahmad Gul and Khan stated â€Å"that educating a girl is equal to educate a whole family†, â€Å"but educate a man is equal to an individual, but educate a woman, you educate a nation†. The purpose of this study is to provide information, perception, and data on improvement of girl’s education in South Kashmir. (Ahmad Gul Khan,Show MoreRelatedA Wide Age Range Of Kids779 Words   |  4 PagesAt the Centre 4 girls, children aged 5-11 sit at the table and prepare for the announcement of the art of project of the day. Although Administration and Instructors put forth an effort to maintain a disciplined enrichment after school Centre, I have personally witnessed numerous of times where that particular goal was not obtained. The biggest issue with the Centre is that they fail to properly separate and teach children according to their mental and motor capabilities. Integrating a wide age rangeRead MoreThe Assessment Methods Used By Speech Language Pathologists1390 Words   |  6 Pages A study by Skahan, Watson Lof (2007) examined the assessment methods used by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) when assessing children with suspected speech sound disorders (SSD). Through a national survey, the study also examined the assessment of non-native English speakers and the length of the assessment process (Skahan, Watson Lof, 2007). The study was pursued due to a lack of research regarding the assessment methods used by SLPs to identify children with SSD. Previous research byRead MoreThe Importance Of Robust Vocabulary Instruction On Children958 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: This study had more than one purpose. The first purpose was to observe the outcomes of robust vocabulary instruction on children who were determined to have below average vocabulary skills. The children’s level of vocabulary was determined by a standardized test of vocabulary. The second purpose was to observe how African American children retain novel vocabulary words and what type of book influences that. The literature review for this study covers robust vocabulary instructionRead MoreLifespan Development1516 Words   |  7 Pagespsychology is the study of how human beings age and transform throughout the eight major stages of life. This paper will focus on the physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development of individuals found in stage two, (early childhood 1-6 year olds). Through exploring, and examining the countless influences that affect their growth development. The physical growth transformations infants undergo in stage two of lifespan development range from, brain, motor, to sensory/perceptual developmentRead MoreAttribution Process1136 Words   |  5 PagesAttribution process McShane Glinow (2008) have proposed attribution process, a different perceptual activity, helps us interpret the world around us. The attribution process involved deciding whether an observed behavior or event is caused largely by internal or by external factors. The perceptual process of deciding whether an observed behavior or event is largely caused by internal or external factors. As Luthans (2008) said, attribution refers simply to how people explain theRead MoreThe Body Image And Advertisements1630 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"the way an individual perceives their physical self, but more importantly the thoughts and feelings the person experience due to that perception† (Healey, 2014). There are four aspects of body image, it includes perceptual, affective, cognitive and behavioural (Healey, 2014). Perceptual is the way you see yourself (Healey, 2014). Affective is the way you feel about the way you look (Healey, 2014). Cognitive is the thoughts and beliefs y ou have about your body (Healey, 2014). Behavioural is the thingsRead MoreThe Negative Stereotypes Of A Child s Interaction With Barbie855 Words   |  4 Pagesresponded, will help to shed some light on many other similar areas of interest. It also helped to further understand how a Barbie could possibly influence a negative stereotypical gender belief, aid in unrealistic body image development, and help keep girls oppressed. I was happily surprised with the outcome, but still pessimistic about the chances of their actions matching their words. I question if the parents will truly give a valid effort to change their child’s interaction with Barbie. It is unwiseRead MoreBody Image And Eating Disorders1375 Words   |  6 Pagesimages, which can lead to eating disorders such as Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa. Body Image is the way you see your body, and how you feel about your appearance. There are four key proponents associated with Body Image. The first aspect is Perceptual Body Image. This is how you see your body, this may not always be a correct representation of how one really looks. For example, one may see themselves as fat, when in reality they’re thin. The next aspect is Affective Body Image, this is how youRead MoreThe Social Premises Causing Gender Gap Within Maths And Science Involvement1329 Words   |  6 Pagesengineering and 30% of graduates from mathematics and computer science programs. (Gender differences in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and computer science (STEM) programs at university, n.d.). This research paper is going to focus on the studies investigating the social premises causing the gender gap in maths and science involvement. Difference in the number of male and female individuals studying maths and science is a consequence of the con tinued normative social construction of genderRead MoreChildhood Development : Physical Changes978 Words   |  4 Pages Childhood Development Case Study Physical Changes/ Male and Female Physical changes taking place after birth that continue the biological maturation of the organism from fertilized egg cell to an adult. To explore fundamental processes that occur in children involves descriptions of the structures and functioning of organs, such as the brain, and the spinal columns, the optics, and taste buds. Girls early puberty and the growth of breast have little or no effect on them mentally. Boys going

Why Performance Enhancing Drugs Should Not be Allowed in...

This is a material world promoting material values, thus meaning that it should not be surprising to see individuals being willing to do everything in their power in order to make profits. Or should it? The sports community today is troubled by a series of athletes who have yielded to societys pressures and abandoned their principles with the purpose of taking performance enhancing drugs. It is difficult to determine if it would be normal for the masses to judge these individuals, concerning that they are actually one of the reasons for which these people have come to consider taking performance enhancing drugs in the first place. However, the only ones who can judge them are other hard-working sportspersons who have stood by their principles and who respect the idea of sport in general. One of the easiest methods to justify why consuming performance enhancing substances is wrong is the fact that it is forbidden. Once an individual accepts that he or she will be a part of a community that values particular rules, the respective person automatically agrees to respect those rules and to do everything in his or her power to make sure that fairness dominates the community as a whole. There are basically three arguments reinforcing this ide: 1. Athletes who use PEDs gain a competitive advantage by knowingly violating the rules. 2. Any activity that gives the athlete a competitive advantage by knowingly violating the rules is morally wrong. 3. It is morally wrong forShow MoreRelatedA Letter to the Minister of Sports in Singapore863 Words   |  3 Pageswonder why competitive athletes cant just use their natural God-given strengths and talent and hence, eliminate the tedious reports of cheating in sports. This letter delves into the issues that officials and team administrators deal with vis-à  -vis banned substances, and takes the position that society urgently must find solutions for cheating in sports. I hope you have time to give consideration to the materials presented herein. The Literature on the Problems Related to Illegal Drug use in Sports Read MoreHall of Fame Steroids Paper3060 Words   |  13 Pagesathletes who have ever played the game. However, it becomes difficult to decide who gets into the Hall, with a sporting world that is notorious for cheating allegations. The most talked about players in the steroid debate include: Alex Rodriguez, Barry Bonds, Mark McGwire, Sammy Sosa and Roger Clemens. These players have been caught in relations to the steroid debate with notable evidence and should be left out of the Hall of Fame. Doing so will preserve the purity of the Hall of Fame; along with recognizingRead MoreResearch Paper and Argument Topics4449 Words   |  18 Pagesand Entertainment Race and Ethnicity †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Should racial profiling be a legitimate law enforcement policy in some areas? Should Affirmative Action for state university enrollment be continued? Should the primary method of public school funding (property taxes in individual school districts) be amended to create more fairness in schools? If a university offers African-American Studies or Black Studies as courses, should it also offer European-American Studies or White StudiesRead MoreNation Branding-Best Practices Through Sports, Laws and Science7411 Words   |  30 PagesAfrica is given below in brief. This presents an insight in to the nation branding as a whole and in to the Sports domain as a measure of enhancing the brand nation. Mr. Anholt, you are recognized the world over as the leading expert on a concept referred to as â€Å"nation branding†. In the world of marketing, the Nation Brands Index (NBI) is equally loved and feared. Why has nation branding become so important in the age of globalization? I hope that the â€Å"Nation Brands Index† isn’t loved or feared in theRead Morethe risk and possible consequences for children and young people using the internet, mobile phones and other technologies4242 Words   |  17 Pagespeople’s health and also their wellbeing, for example the Health and Safety Act of 1974 are in place to make sure that the environment where children and young people gathered or participate activities are safe, these could be for educational or sporting activities. Learning Outcome 1: Know about the legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people including e-safety. Learning outcome 1.2 Describe the roles of different agenciesRead MoreEFFECT OF PEER PRESSURE OF STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOL5933 Words   |  24 Pageshallmark of an adolescent experience. Peer conformity in young people is most pronounced with respect to style, taste, appearance, ideology, and values. Peer pressure is commonly associated with episodes of adolescent risk taking (such as delinquency, drug abuse, sexual behaviors, and reckless driving) because these activities commonly occur in the company of peers. Affiliation with friends who engage in risk behaviors has been shown to be a strong predictor of an adolescents own behavior. HoweverRead MoreManagers and Managing15099 Words   |  61 PagesLEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: âÅ"“ Describe what management is, why management is important, what managers do, and how managers utilise organisational resources efï ¬ ciently and effectively to achieve organisational goals. âÅ"“ Distinguish among planning, organising, leading and controlling (the four principal managerial functions), and explain how managers’ ability to handle each one can affect organisational performance. âÅ"“ Differentiate among levels of management, andRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. Genetic modification f. Right tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/Culture a. Arts have a future in Singapore? b. Why pursue Arts? c. Arts and technology d. Uniquely Singapore: Culture 4. Environment a. Developed vs. Developing b. Should environment be saved at all costs c. Are we doing enough to save the environment? d. Main reasons for environmental problems nowadays 5. Religion a. Religion divides more thanRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesFundamentals of Human Resource Management Tenth Edition David A. DeCenzo Coastal Carolina University Conway, SC Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University San Diego, CA Tenth Edition Contributor Susan L. Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing Manager Marketing Assistant Production Manager Senior Production Editor Freelance Development Editor Senior Designer InteriorRead MoreCostco Due Diligence Report28823 Words   |  116 PagesOverview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 5 Corporate Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 SWOT Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 Culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 16 Organization and General Corporate Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 Performance Measurement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 28 Financial Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 36 Asset†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. . 38 Liability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 42 Treasury†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 45

Telecommunications and Networking Strategy

Question: Describe about the Telecommunications And Networking Strategy? Answer: Introduction: This assignment deals with the strategy of information technology and networking of ABCD University. An information resource security policy has been set in this assignment by considering the objective of risk reduction, law and regulation, information integrity and confidentiality of the information. This university provides world class infrastructure for the students. Students and staffs strength of ABCD University is 19000 and this institution provides 3000 computers those are accessed by the students and the staffs of this particular institution (Anadiotis et al. 2014). However, this University is focusing upon the more innovative as well as productive strategy of networking and information technology service. This University has focused upon giving the world class phenomenon of innovative strategy of networking and information technology. Various types of aspects of ethical as well as unethical practices have to be stopped for the safety and security of the computers and the users. Privacy of the data should be considered by the University. Therefore, this University has focused upon the innovative design of networking and information technology. These activities should be taken in order to mitigate the risks of the data. Third- party access security: As stated by, Bar and Leiponen (2014) third party access policy is very important policy for assessing the risk at the time of access of third parties to the information system of the university. It also helps to ensure effective security of information. In order to achieve third party access security some important elements have to be considered by the authority. According to Hillston et al. (2004), the quantity of outside parties, service providers, vendors should be known by the authority. The authority should know the access system of the third parties. For this task, it is quite difficult to know the accurate system of access. Therefore, the information technology department of University should provide same and particular solution to access the network. Therefore, third parties have to use the remote access tool in order to get the access of the network of the University. By acquiring the Third Party access Security University can have the control over the networking and security of its own. On the other hand, Katsigiannis (2012) stated that, if the IT department of the University chooses a remote access tool, any unauthorized remote tool should not be allowed by the authority. Access tool that has been based on the web should be blocked by the university in order to protect from the hackers and third party vendors. Several third party vendors demands for accessing the network system of the University. The information technology department should not provide access to all type of machines of networking of the University. If an employee or vendor wants to access the network the support system will require permission. This support system will help the department in order to restrict the third parties and control over the networking system. This system helps to monitor and restrict the accessing capacity of the vendors and employees. Process of permission is the important element in order to strongly control over the networking system of University. The authority also can change the permission setting (Khan et al. 2014). Classification of assets and control: According to Lokshina and Bartolacci (2014), the process of asset classification is a very important task of information technology. The location of assets and the respective values of the asset should be known by the respective authority. By knowing the assets the authority would be able to know the required time and money in order to take the necessary steps for protecting the assets. Various types of assets are discussed as follows: Information assets: This refers to the several types of University related information. The information have been gathered from the genuine sources and classified as well as arranged and stored in different forms. Therefore those forms are discussed as follows: Database: several types of financial information are gathered as the form of database. Database contains all the necessary as well as important information of customers, suppliers, vendors, sales, productions, marketing etc. Information Archive: Legal information has been stored in the information archive. Data files: Different types of transaction related data with proper dates have been stored as data files. Backup and continuity: The information should be kept and maintained for any sudden situation. Relevant information should be kept with proper manner. Software assets: Various types of application software and system software are used as the storage of information. Physical assets: Various types of tangible assets, like desktop, laptop, hard drive, hard disk, modems, other technical equipments, power suppliers, air conditioners are being considered as the physical assets of the organization. However, Meghanathan (2014) stated that, establishing an asset accountability is involved in the control process of various types of assets of University. Fixed asset register should be used by the authority in order to maintain the fixed record of the asset. Information classification: As stated by, Powell (2009), the information has been classified by two methods. Information can be classified by the characteristics of information and by its application. The characteristics of information can be three types. Decision making information can be of three types, one that is related to the strategy other that is related to the tactics and other that is related to the operations. On the other hand, the information can be classified by its application. Planning information, controlling information, organizational information, knowledge information, operational information and database information are involved in the classification of information. Process of user training: The authority should provide adequate knowledge in order to train the teacher, staffs and students. Basic knowledge about information technology, software, hardware and operating system should be provided by the authority for enhancing their practical and theoretical knowledge. The university should implement a trained and experienced teacher in order to provide basic knowledge about information technology, networking and security issues of information technology. This will be helpful for the future practice of security and networking among the working procedures of the university. Proper training will help the user to work with proper manner. Proper trained user would never damage the system (Sanyal and Prasad,2014). Effective responses to the major security issues: System of networking or computer should be protected from various types of unauthorized sources or access. Various types of security issues can be solved by the available antivirus within the market. Viruses, worms, Trojans and spyware can cause damage to the computer system. Besides taking this activity, machine firewalls should be kept on at the time of data transfer. Trained and experienced team of information technology has the ability to recognize the malfunction within the system. Figure: An efficient architecture of Network Security (Source: Shakhakarmi, 2014, pp- 26) Physical and environmental security: As stated by, Tosti and Umiliaco (2014) the University should be able to prevent any sort of unauthorized access within the critical and important areas of access. Server rooms and other rooms those are stored with valuable as well as important documents and data that should be protected by the authority. On the other hand, cash and more valuable assets are stored in the rooms those are should be kept with strong security. This security measure should be taken in order to prevent major damage of these physical properties. On the other hand, Tropina (2015) stated that, the authority should make security perimeters for restricting the entry for the sensitive areas those can hold various types of facilities of holding important information. Apart from these, fire alarms, CCTVs, alarmed locks, motion alarms, audio surveillance are involved in the system those can be used by the authority. Biometric authentication device can also be installed by the authority in order to control any sort of unauthorized entry (WANG et al. 2014). These are the important measures for protecting the physical damage of various types of equipments. Besides taking these initiatives, accurate as well as efficient protection should be used by the authority in order to protect these equipments from natural disasters, like cyclone, earthquakes, floods etc. On the other hand, the authority should check that any equipment should not harm the environment of that place. Environment should be clean and pollution free. Several types of equipments of information technology and networking often cause danger for the birds. Mobile wave and other wave can be harmful for the birds and creature of the environment. These waves have become the cause of death of many birds. Therefore, it causes the environmental imbalances. Therefore, the authority should consider the ecology of the environment. They should not use those type of equipments those are harmful for the environment (Wytra et al. 2014). Process of access control: However, Anadiotis et al. (2014) stated that, in order to control the access various types of control system can be implemented by the authority. As discussed by, Fodor and Dan (2007), access control is the most important part within the field of physical as well as information security. This is a system of selection that ensures a selective and particular access to a resource or place of information. Permission to an accurate access is called as authorization of the access for the resource. Therefore Huang et al. (2012), stated that, ABCD University can implement an effective control system that is attribute based. Attribute based access control system is therefore granted on the basis of the attributes of the users. Before getting access to the control engine the particular user should provide as well as prove some few and necessary details in order to get the access of the control engine. Here an example is given to clear the fact that, a claim has been done in the form of Team IT, therefore, the user should prove this claim. After proving the claim, the user should be able to get access of the control engine. For attribute based access control system, XACML is the standard system of access control (Michaelis, 2012). Cryptographic control: As stated by Reddish et al. (2012), cryptographic deals with various types of guidelines, integrity of data, user authentication, confidentiality etc. In order to maintain the security of networking and various types of elements of information technology cryptographic control should be implemented by the University. Cryptographic control includes identification and credentials for authentication within the storage transit. Various types of important information those are related to the wireless communication should be stored by considering cryptographic control. On the other hand, Michaelis (2012) argued that, in order to transfer important and sensitive data through internet cryptographic control should be used by the authority. Compliance system and audit control: According to Powell (2009), university should implement the Compliance audit system. The system of compliance audit should be adopted by the many educational as well as other organizations. This is a very popular and effective technique for the institution. This system has been kept for monitoring the rules and regulations of the organization. Compliance system should be analyzed by the personnel of information technology in order to make a concrete compliance plans. On the other hand, Lokshina and Bartolacci (2014) argued that, several types of policies those are related to the access control of the user, security of the system, risk management techniques should be reviewed by the auditor. Necessary information should be backed up and protected for the future with the help of Disaster Recovery Infrastructure. Conclusions: Every organization needs to implement information technology for giving better service to the target audiences. Within the competitive sector of the market digitalization and automation are very important in order to achieve the competition of the market. Proper educational service needs the innovative as well as developed technology by the institution. It is mandatory for all organizations to use the system of computers. Information technology should be acquired by every institution for providing better service to the students and other staffs of the organization. Recommendation: Effective and innovative design should be taken by the authority. The people of the institution should well equipped with proper knowledge and training. The authority should implement the important mechanism in order to prevent the data that has been kept confidential in the storage of computer. Reference lists Books Tropina, T. (2015) Book Review Telecommunications Policy Journals Anadiotis, A., Patrikakis, C. and Murat Tekalp, A. (2014). Information-centric networking for multimedia, social and peer-to-peer communications. Trans. Emerging Tel. Tech., 25(4), pp.383-391. Bar, T. and Leiponen, A. (2014). Committee Composition and Networking in Standard Setting: The Case of Wireless Telecommunications. Journal of Economics Management Strategy, 23(1), pp.1-23. Hillston, J., Kloul, L. and Mokhtari, A. (2004). Towards a Feasible Active Networking Scenario. Telecommunication Systems, 27(2-4), pp.413-438. Katsigiannis, M. (2012). Mobile Network Offloading. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking, 4(3), pp.40-53. Khan, J., Chen, D. and Hulin, O. (2014). Enabling technologies for effective deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) systems: A communication networking perspective. ajTDE, 2(4). Lokshina, I. and Bartolacci, M. (2014). Thinking eHealth:. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking, 6(3), pp.27-36. Meghanathan, N. (2014). Centrality-Based Connected Dominating Sets for Complex Network Graphs. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking, 6(2), pp.1-24. Powell, S. (2009). Interdisciplinarity in Telecommunications and Networking. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking, 1(1), pp.1-8. Sanyal, R. and Prasad, R. (2014). Enabling Cellular Device to Device Data Exchange on Sarkar, N. and Nisar, K. (2012). Performance of VoIP in Wired-Cum-Wireless Ethernet Network. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking, 4(4), pp.1-25. Shakhakarmi, N. (2014). Next Generation Wearable Devices:. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking, 6(2), pp.25-51. Tosti, F. and Umiliaco, A. (2014). FDTD Simulation of the GPR Signal for Preventing the Risk of Accidents due to Pavement Damages. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking, 6(1), pp.1-9. WANG, G., HUANG, T., LIU, J., XIE, R. and LIU, Y. (2014). In-network caching for energy efficiency in content-centric networking. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, 21(4), pp.25-31. Wytrbowicz, J., Ries, T., Dinh, K. and Kukliski, S. (2014). SDN Controller Mechanisms for Flexible and Customized Networking. International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, 60(4). Anadiotis, A., Patrikakis, C. and Murat Tekalp, A. (2014) Information-centric networking for multimedia, social and peer-to-peer communications Trans. Emerging Tel. Tech., 25(4), pp.383-391 Fodor, V. and Dan, G. 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Telegraph and its Impacts in Mass Communication

Since the foundation of the earth, people have been communicating using different means and devices. Telegraph is just one of many means of communication that have been invented. It is a device that is used to transmit and receive written information from one point to another (Bruno Para 4). Messages are sent using an electric current although the word illustrates a system used to send written messages through optical means.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Telegraph and its Impacts in Mass Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After its invention, it was the most popular means which was being used to send written messages in some areas of Europe and America. However, it is important to note that telegraph was exceedingly popular only before the invention of telephones although its use did not stop immediately. In addition, some means which came later like telegrams as well as telex continued to use telegraphy. Nonetheless, they were later replaced by fax transmissions which were using telephone lines. Since the invention telegraph, a lot of development has taken place and currently, international telegraphy makes use of satellite transmission and radio bands which operate at a very high frequency. Based on that background, it is explicit that invention of telegraphy has had various impacts in mass communication. Therefore, this essay shall focus on telegraph and narrow down to the impact of the same in the filed of mass communication. It is important discuss the history of telegraphy to be in a position to understand its direct impacts in mass communication. Telegraph replaced earlier means of sending information which were inclusive but not limited to smoke, fires at night, drums beating and horns. However, towards the end of the eighteenth century, Claude Chappe, an engineer from France invented a telegraph system known as a semaphore which was used to send messages from one hill top to another (Coe pp. 24). Latter on, Chappe and his brother were able to build a series of towers between cities which were using telescopes to send written messages from one city to another. His system became successful and he came up with the world telegraph. It is a combination of two Greek words, tele and graphien which means ‘distance’ and ‘to write’ respectively. Generally, the word telegraph means writing at a distance (Bruno Para 7). However, it is important to point out that although the system was successful, it required a lot of staff to operate and was also affected by the weather. The invention of electricity was very instrumental as it led to the discovery of electric telegraphy by William and Charles in the 19th century. Electric telegraphy was closely followed by other improvements.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re Morse, an artist from America invented electric telegraphy which could be used in the whole world. Although he lacked scientific information, he was able to consult some physicist who introduced him to electromagnetism. It is thorough the use of electromagnetism that Morse telegraphy was able to spread quickly through out the whole world and successfully replaced older version that was being used in Europe. Through out history, major developments in telegraphy have been taking place as the world has been characterized by various technological developments. For instance, history records that the world was already connected by telegraph wires towards the end of the 19th century. Telegraphic cables were even placed under the sea and through that, it was possible to connect different continents. For instance, Trans Atlantic cables were being used in the mid 20th century and by then; all parts in the world were connected using such cables (The History Of The Telegraph Para 4). Altho ugh there are many means and devices that have impacted mass communication, the impact of telegraph cannot be underestimated. For instance, study of history has indicated that earlier means of sending information were so slow such that information sending could take not only days, but also weeks and months depending with the distance. However, after major developments of a telegraphy system, it was possible to send a written message from London to New York in three minutes. Therefore, telegraphs resulted in efficiency and effectiveness as the distance factor was greatly reduced if not eliminate. That was a very significant step in mass communication as it marked the beginning of major improvements in the same filed (Castells pp. 10). Initially, telegraph was very useful in the military since it was used to pass information during wars. For instance, during the civil wars in America, the intercontinental telegraphy came in handy as it made it possible to pass important information. T he same system was also being used during the war between Spanish and America and also during the World War I. Moreover, through the use of teleprinters, it was possible to send secret information using the same system (Bruno Para 6). Increased distribution of news from one region to another can be termed as the greatest impact of telegraph in the filed of mass communication. Initially, business and political news were confined in a particular region as there were no effective means of distributing information from one point to another.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Telegraph and its Impacts in Mass Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, after the discovery of telegraph, information could flow easily from one region to another. As a result, business and politics as well as other aspects of culture were greatly changed due to the same effect. The knowledge of international news incre ased and the same had a great effect on people’s way of life. Although there were some negative effects of the same, there were a lot of benefits like peace promotion (Elon University School of Communications, Para 3). Telegraph marked the beginning of great changes in the filed of mass communication. Apart from sending business and political news, telegraph contributed greatly to the newspaper industry. Before the invention of telegraph, newspaper industry was underdeveloped since printers used to publish information and stories that were within their reach (Steury pp. 80). In addition, further studies illustrate that due to lack of a lot of information, newspapers used even to publish stories from other older newspapers. It was too taxing to gather information and to transport it from one point to another. However, after the invention of a telegraph, it was possible to collect information from many points in wide geographical region and publish the same information in news papers before it became outdated. Since gathering of information was easier, competition increased as new dailies could now be published. Gathering information also changed greatly as publishers made local arrangements which were meant to help in the same. Editors could easily exchange stories and it was possible to send information or a story from the interior parts to the editor directly (Fang pp. 10). Telegraph is a device or a system that contributed greatly in the field of mass communication. It not only resulted in efficiency and effectiveness, but also affected the quality of information positively. Invention of a telegraph led to a lasting impact in the field of mass communication. For instance, from then onwards, it has been possible for news to be distributed from one continent to another. Geographical distance ceased to be an obstacle. There were other developments that came in to being like sending of coded messages and all were influenced by telegraph (Steury Para 4). T herefore, telegraphy has been of great use since through it, the field of mass communication has been able to achieve its goal of distributing quality and up to date information. Consequently, major developments have taken place in all sectors.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Bruno, Leonard, C. Telegraph – History. n. d. Web.16th October 2010. Castells, Manuel. Communication power. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.Print. Coe, Lewis. The Telegraph: A History of Morse’s Invention and Its Predecessors in the United States. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1993. Print. Elon University School of Communications. 1830s-1860s-Telegraph. n. d. Web. 16th October 2010. Fang, Irving, E. A history of mass communication: six information revolutions. Oxford: Focal Press, 1997. Print. Steury, Donald, P. Under the Wire: How the Telegraph Changed Diplomacy. 2008. Web. The History of the Telegraph. n. d. Web. This research paper on Telegraph and its Impacts in Mass Communication was written and submitted by user Madalyn Stokes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.